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      <title>构建高效的 CI/CD 流水线 - 交互式测验</title>
      <style>
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        .option-item:hover {
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        .option-item.selected {
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            border-color: #4a90e2;
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        .quiz-footer {
          padding: 20px 30px;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: space-between; /* 将按钮分布在两侧 */
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 65px; /* Reserve space */
        }

        .nav-btn {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          border: none;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 10px 20px;
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: 500;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
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        #next-btn {
            background-color: #28a745;
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        .nav-btn:hover {
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        .nav-btn:disabled {
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        .result-box {
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            margin-top: 20px;
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        .result-box.correct {
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            color: #155724;
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        .result-box h3 {
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        .source-text {
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-top: 15px;
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            text-align: center;
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        .final-score-container h2 {
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            margin-bottom: 30px;
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            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 40px;
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            border-radius: 12px;
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        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>构建高效的 CI/CD 流水线 - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档，持续集成 (CI) 的核心目标是什么？",
    "options": [
      "自动化地将已通过测试的代码部署到生产环境。",
      "在代码合并到主干前，进行严格且耗时的人工代码审核。",
      "确保每次代码变更后，都能自动化构建、测试和集成，从而尽早发现问题。",
      "使用 Jenkins 或 GitHub Actions 等工具完全替代开发人员的本地构建工作。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "持续集成 (CI) 的主要目的是通过自动化构建和测试，频繁地将开发人员的代码变更集成到主共享仓库中。这样做的核心价值在于能够尽早地、快速地发现并解决集成错误，而不是等到发布前才发现大量问题。",
    "source": "文档中「一、CI/CD 的核心概念」->「1. 持续集成（CI）」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下 CI 这个阶段最关心的是什么？是发布到最终用户，还是保证代码集成时的质量？"
  },
  {
    "question": "持续交付 (Continuous Delivery) 和持续部署 (Continuous Deployment) 的关键区别是什么？",
    "options": [
      "持续交付只负责构建和测试，而持续部署负责发布。",
      "持续交付是持续部署的初级阶段，功能较少。",
      "持续交付在部署到生产环境前需要人工批准，而持续部署是完全自动化的。",
      "持续交付通常使用Jenkins，而持续部署必须使用GitHub Actions。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "这两者的核心差异在于生产环境的部署是否需要人工干预。在持续交付 (Continuous Delivery) 中，代码通过所有自动化测试后，处于一个“随时可以发布”的状态，但需要人工点击按钮或发出指令来完成最后的生产部署。而持续部署 (Continuous Deployment) 则更进一步，只要代码通过了所有自动化阶段，就会自动、无需人工干预地发布到生产环境。",
    "source": "文档中「一、CI/CD 的核心概念」->「2. 持续交付」和「3. 持续部署」部分",
    "hint": "文档中描述这两个流程时，一个提到了“人工触发部署”，另一个则强调“完全自动化发布”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "为了实现“快速反馈”这一CI/CD流水线设计原则，文档中提到了哪种具体的技术手段？",
    "options": [
      "采用蓝绿部署（Blue-Green Deployment）。",
      "集成静态代码扫描（SAST）和动态安全测试（DAST）。",
      "采用主干开发（Trunk-Based Development）模式。",
      "使用并行流水线（Parallel Pipeline）来加速测试执行。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 3,
    "explanation": "“快速反馈”原则要求流水线尽可能快地完成并报告结果。文档明确指出，使用并行流水线（Parallel Pipeline）可以将耗时的任务（如不同类型的测试）同时执行，从而显著缩短整个流水线的运行时间，让开发人员更快地得到反馈。",
    "source": "文档中「二、CI/CD 流水线设计原则」->「2. 快速反馈」部分",
    "hint": "快速反馈的关键在于缩短等待时间。想想看，哪些方法可以直接减少构建或测试的总耗时？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在生产环境部署时，为了降低发布风险，文档推荐了哪种部署策略？",
    "options": [
      "增量构建（Incremental Build）",
      "多Agent并行执行",
      "金丝雀发布（Canary Release）",
      "特性开关（Feature Flags）"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "金丝雀发布（Canary Release）是一种低风险的发布策略。它先将新版本部署给一小部分用户（金丝雀），在确认新版本稳定且没有问题后，再逐步扩大发布范围，最终覆盖所有用户。这种方式可以有效控制问题影响的范围，是降低部署风险的常用手段。文档中同时提到了蓝绿部署和金丝雀发布。",
    "source": "文档中「二、CI/CD 流水线设计原则」->「3. 隔离不同环境」部分",
    "hint": "文档中提到了两种具体的部署方式来降低风险，其中一种就像矿井里的金丝雀一样，用于提前探测试环境的“危险”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档描述，GitHub Actions 实现 CI/CD 的一个显著特点是什么？",
    "options": [
      "它必须使用 Groovy 语言编写流水线脚本（Actionsfile）。",
      "它是一个无服务器（Serverless）方案，用户无需自己维护 CI/CD 服务器。",
      "它仅适用于大型、复杂的企业级项目。",
      "它强制要求所有构建任务都在 Docker 容器中运行。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中明确指出了 GitHub Actions 的一个重要特点是“无服务器（Serverless）”。这意味着开发者可以直接在GitHub仓库中定义和使用CI/CD工作流，而无需搭建、配置和维护专门的CI服务器（如Jenkins Master/Agent），从而简化了运维负担，尤其适合中小型项目快速上手。",
    "source": "文档中「四、GitHub Actions 实现 CI/CD」部分",
    "hint": "与需要自己搭建服务器的 Jenkins 相比，GitHub Actions 在基础设施管理方面有什么优势？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Jenkinsfile的示例中，哪个语法结构被用来实现“仅当代码提交到main分支时才执行生产部署”这一条件逻辑？",
    "options": [
      "在 `stage` 块中使用 `if { branch 'main' }` 条件判断。",
      "在 `agent` 部分指定 `branch: 'main'`。",
      "使用 `when` 条件块来规定阶段执行的前提条件。",
      "在 `steps` 中使用 `sh 'if [ $BRANCH_NAME == \\\"main\\\" ]; then ...; fi'`"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "在 Jenkins 的声明式流水线 (Declarative Pipeline) 中，`when` 指令块专门用于定义某个 `stage` 是否应该被执行的条件。文档中的示例代码 `when { branch 'main' }` 清晰地展示了如何利用它来限制“Deploy to Production”这个阶段只在 `main` 分支上触发。",
    "source": "文档中「三、Jenkins 实现 CI/CD」->「1. Jenkinsfile 基本结构」部分",
    "hint": "查看 Jenkinsfile 示例代码，找到'Deploy to Production'阶段，观察它是如何实现条件性执行的。"
  },
  {
    "question": "为了减少流水线的执行时间，文档中的“CI/CD最佳实践”部分提到了哪项优化措施？",
    "options": [
      "在部署失败时，自动回滚到上一个稳定版本。",
      "采用缓存（Cache）技术，例如缓存Maven或Gradle的依赖。",
      "对生产环境的变更实行最小权限原则（Least Privilege）。",
      "集成动态安全测试（DAST）来发现运行时漏洞。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "流水线中的依赖下载和项目编译等步骤通常非常耗时。采用缓存（Cache）技术可以将这些不经常变动的内容（如第三方库）缓存起来，在后续的构建中直接复用，从而避免了重复下载和编译，有效减少了流水线的执行时间，是提升CI/CD效率的关键实践之一。",
    "source": "文档中「五、CI/CD 最佳实践」->「1. 减少流水线执行时间」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下，在每次构建过程中，哪些步骤是重复且耗时的？有没有办法避免重复劳动？"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
          }
          
          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
        }
        
        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  